Hariho ibintu bitandukanyeuburyo bwo guteranya urupapuro rw'icyuma, buriwese ufite ibyiza byawo nibibi. Uburyo bumwe bwo guterana burimogusudira, riveting, guhuza, kwivuza. Hano hari ibisobanuro birambuye kubyerekeyeurupapuroburyo.
1.Gusudira
Urupapuro rwo gusudirani uburyo rusange bwo guteranya bukoreshwa muguhuza impapuro ibice. Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo gusudira bukoreshwa kumpapuro z'icyuma, buriwese ufite ibyiza n'ibibi.
1.1.TIG (tungsten inert gas) gusudira:
- Ibyiza: Itanga ubuziranenge-bwiza, gusudira neza hamwe na spatter ntoya. Bikwiranye nimpapuro zoroshye kandi zitanga isuku nziza.
- Ibibi: Uburyo buhoro ugereranije nubundi buryo bwo gusudira. Urwego rwohejuru rwubuhanga nubuhanga birakenewe.
1.2.MIG (Metal Inert Gas) gusudira:
- Ibyiza: Inzira yihuse ugereranije no gusudira TIG. Irashobora gukoreshwa kumpapuro zibyuma bitandukanye. Itanga gusudira gukomeye kandi kuramba.
- Ibibi: Birashobora gutanga spatter nyinshi ugereranije no gusudira TIG. Ubushyuhe bwinjiza bugomba kugenzurwa neza kugirango wirinde kugoreka.
1.3.Gusudira ahantu:
- Ibyiza: Inzira irihuta kandi ikora neza, ibereye umusaruro mwinshi. Itanga gusudira gukomeye kandi kwizewe.
- Ibibi: bigarukira gusa kumpapuro zoroshye. Kurangiza byinyongera birashobora gusabwa kugirango uhuze abagurisha.
1.4.Kudoda:
- Ibyiza: Kurema gusudira guhoraho muburebure bwikidodo, gutanga ingingo idashobora kumeneka. Nibyiza byo guhuza amabati yoroheje mubisabwa nka tanki ya lisansi.
- Ibibi: Inzira gahoro ugereranije no gusudira ahantu. Kugenzura neza ibipimo byo gusudira birakenewe.
1.5.Kudoda:
- Ibyiza: Itanga gusudira gukomeye kandi guhoraho. Birakwiriye kubyara umusaruro. Guhindura byibuze ibyapa.
- Ibibi: bigarukira kumiterere yihariye nubunini bwibice byicyuma. Ibikoresho byihariye birakenewe.
Mugihe ukoresheje impapuro zo gusudira, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibintu nkubunini bwibintu, igishushanyo mbonera, ibicuruzwa, hamwe nubuhanga bukoreshwa. Buri buryo bwo gusudira bufite uburyo bwihariye bwo gutekereza, kandi guhitamo uburyo bizaterwa nibisabwa byihariye bya porogaramu.
2.Kuzunguruka
ImirongoByakoreshejwe Kuri Guhuza Urupapuro Ibice mu kubihindura no kubifata mu mwanya. Ubu buryo burihuta kandi buhendutse, ariko bugabanya icyuma kandi bushobora gusaba ubundi buryo bwo kurangiza.
Kuzunguruka nuburyo busanzwe bwo guterana bukoreshwa muguhuza ibice byicyuma. Harimo no gukoresha imirongo kugirango uhambire ibyuma bibiri cyangwa byinshi hamwe. Dore ibyiza n'ibibi byo kuzunguruka:
Ibyiza byo kuzunguruka:
2.1. Imbaraga: Ihuriro rihindagurika rishobora gutanga amasano akomeye kandi arambye, cyane cyane iyo hakenewe inkweto ndende cyangwa imbaraga.
2.2. Guhinduranya: Kuzunguruka birashobora gukoreshwa hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwamabati yububiko hamwe nibikoresho, bigatuma uburyo bwo guteranya butandukanye.
2.3. Kurwanya-kunyeganyega: ingingo zifunitse ntizoroha byoroshye no kunyeganyega kandi birakwiriye kubisabwa byibanda ku gutuza.
2.4. Nta guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe: Bitandukanye no gusudira, kuzunguruka ntabwo birimo ibyuma bishongeshejwe, bityo rero nta ngaruka zo guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe.
Ingaruka zo kuzunguruka:
2.1. Uburemere bwinyongera: Kubaho kwa rivets byongera uburemere bwinteko, bishobora kuba ikibazo mubikorwa byoroshye uburemere.
2.2. Imirimo myinshi: Kuzunguruka birashobora kuba byinshi cyane kuruta ubundi buryo bwo guterana, cyane cyane kubyara umusaruro.
2.3. Ubwiza: Kubaho imitwe igaragara ya rivet ntishobora kuba nziza muburyo bwiza, cyane cyane mubisabwa bisaba kurangiza neza.
2.4. Ibishobora kwangirika: Niba bidafunze neza, ingingo zanyeganyega zirashobora kwangirika cyane cyane hanze cyangwa ahantu habi.
Muri rusange,gutondeka nuburyo bwizewe kandi bunoze bwo guhuza impapuro zicyuma, cyane cyane iyo imbaraga nuguhagarara ari ibintu byingenzi. Ariko, mbere yo guhitamo kuzunguruka nkuburyo bwo guterana, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibyiza byayo nibibi bitandukanye nibisabwa mubisabwa.
3.Guhuza
Ibikoresho bidasanzwe bikoreshwa muguhuza urupapuro rwicyuma hamwe. Ubu buryo butanga isuku kandi nziza, ariko ntibishobora gukomera nkubundi buryo kandi bushobora kuba bwita kubidukikije.
Urupapuro rwicyuma gifatika nubundi buryo busanzwe bwo guteranya bukoreshwa muguhuza ibice byicyuma. Dore ibyiza n'ibibi byo guhuza impapuro:
Ibyiza byo guhuza ibifatika:
3.1. Kugabanya uburemere: Guhuza gufatana muri rusange biroroshye kuruta uburyo bwo gufunga imashini, bigatuma bikwiranye nuburemere bwibisabwa.
3.2. Ikwirakwizwa rya Stress: Ugereranije no gufunga imashini, guhuza gufatira hamwe bishobora gukwirakwiza imihangayiko iringaniye hamwe, bityo bikagabanya ibyago byo guhangayika.
3.3. Gufunga: Guhuza bifata ingingo ifunze irinda ubushuhe, umukungugu, nibindi bintu bidukikije.
3.4. Ubwiza: Guhuza bifatika byongera isura yinteko mugukora ingingo zoroshye, zisukuye zidafite imigozi igaragara.
Ingaruka zo guhuza ibifatika:
3.1. Imbaraga: Mugihe ibifatika bigezweho bishobora gutanga umurunga ukomeye, ntibishobora guhora bihuye nimbaraga zuburyo bwo gusudira cyangwa gukanika imashini, cyane cyane mubikorwa bikabije.
3.2. Gutegura isura: Guhuza bifatika bisaba kwitegura neza kugirango habeho guhuza neza, bishobora kongera igihe no kugorana mugikorwa cyo guterana.
3.3. Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije: Ibifata birashobora kumva ibintu bidukikije nkubushyuhe, ubushuhe, hamwe n’imiti y’imiti, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere yabyo.
3.4. Gusana: Gusana cyangwa gusenya ingingo zifatanije zifatanije biragoye kuruta uburyo bwo gufunga imashini.
Mugihe usuzumye guhuza ibice byicyuma, ni ngombwa guhitamo ibifatika bikwiye kubintu byihariye nibikorwa. Ibintu nkibishushanyo mbonera, gutegura ubuso hamwe nuburyo bwo gukiza nabyo bigomba gutekerezwa neza kugirango bigende neza uburyo bwo guhuza.
4.Kwivuza
Ubu buryo bukubiyemo guhindura impapuro kugirango habeho guhuza imashini hagati yibice. Ubu ni uburyo bwihuse kandi buhendutse, ariko ntibushobora gutanga imbaraga zikomeye nko gusudira cyangwa kuzunguruka.
Gufata ni uburyo bukonje bukoreshwa muguhuza ibice byicyuma bitabaye ngombwa ko byongerwaho cyangwa ubushyuhe. Dore ibyiza nibibi byurupapuro rwicyuma:
Ibyiza byo gufata impapuro:
4.1. Nta yandi mashanyarazi asabwa: Kuvanaho bikuraho ibikenerwa bitandukanye nka rivets, screw cyangwa ibiti, kugabanya ibiciro byibikoresho no koroshya inzira yo guterana.
4.2. Imbaraga zifatanije: Ihuriro rya Crimp ritanga imbaraga nziza kandi zogosha, bigatuma zikoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi byubaka.
4.3. Kwangirika kwicyuma cyamabati: Gufata ntibisaba gucukura cyangwa gukubita umwobo mubyuma, bityo bikagabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kwibintu no guhangayikishwa cyane.
4.4. Guhinduranya: Gufata birashobora gukoreshwa kubikoresho bitandukanye byamabati hamwe nubunini, bitanga igishushanyo nogukora byoroshye.
Ibibi by'urupapuro rw'icyuma riveting Clinching: Ibikoresho byihariye bya Clinching birakenewe, bishobora gusaba amafaranga yambere yo gushora no kubungabunga.
4.2. Kugaragara hamwe: Mubisabwa bimwe, ingingo zigaragara za rivet zishobora kuba zitagaragara, cyane cyane izisaba kurangiza neza.
4.3. Ibikoresho bigarukira hamwe: Ugereranije nubundi buryo nko gusudira cyangwa kuzunguruka, kuvura birashobora kugarukira mugukora ibice bimwe bihuriweho.
Iyo usuzumye impapuro zifata ibyuma, ni ngombwa gusuzuma ibisabwa byihariye bya porogaramu, harimo imbaraga zifatika, isura n’ibisohoka. Kwivuza nuburyo buhendutse bwo guhuza impapuro zicyuma, cyane cyane mubisabwa aho inyungu zo kwivuza zihuza nibikenewe umushinga.
Buri buryo bwo guterana bufite ibyiza byabwo nibibi, kandi guhitamo uburyo bizaterwa nibintu nkibisabwa byihariye, ibintu bifatika, ibicuruzwa, nibitekerezo. Ni ngombwa gusuzuma witonze ibyo bintu mugihe uhisemo uburyo bwo guteranya ibice byicyuma.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-15-2024